The Candlesticks Chart is considered to be the most popular chart type, also the oldest one, developed in the 18th century.
Like the Bar Cart, it represents all four prices of a security – open, high, low, and closing (OHLC), but with open and close represented in the thick body and high and low in the “candlewick”.
Candlestick patterns are used to predict the future direction of price movement. It tends mostly to represent trading patterns over short periods of time, often a few days or a few trading sessions. By default, it is set to daily in the Ananda chart.
A candlestick is a type of price chart used in technical analysis that displays the high, low, open, and closing prices of a security for a specific period.
It originated from Japanese rice merchants and traders to track market prices and daily momentum hundreds of years before becoming popularized in the United States.
The wide part of the candlestick is called the “real body” and tells investors whether the closing price was higher or lower than the opening price.
The Principles of Candlestick #
The candlestick’s body (the area between the open and the close) displays the opening and closing prices and how they compare to high and low.
The Increasing (Bullish) candles in Ananda are displayed in green, while the Decreasing (Bearish) – in red. A candlestick’s shape varies based on the relationship between the day’s high, low, opening, and closing prices.
Candlesticks reflect the impact of investor sentiment on security prices and are used by technical analysts to determine when to enter and exit trades.
Candlestick Chart is a suitable technique for trading any liquid financial asset such as stocks, foreign exchange, and futures.
Long green candlesticks indicate that there is strong buying pressure, or that the price is bullish. Long red candlesticks indicate that there is significant selling pressure, or the price is bearish.
A common bullish candlestick reversal pattern referred to as a hammer, forms when the price moves substantially lower after the open, then rallies to close near the high.
The equivalent bearish candlestick is known as a hanging man. These candlesticks have a similar appearance to a square lollipop and are often used by traders attempting to pick a top or bottom in a market.
Candlestick Trading Patterns #
There are many trading strategies based on the candlestick patterns, mostly short-term. The best way to learn to read candlestick patterns is to practise entering and exiting trades from the signals they give.
When using any candlestick pattern, it is important to remember that although they are great for quickly predicting trends, they should be used alongside other forms of technical analysis to confirm the overall trend.
Engulfing #
The Engulfing pattern suggests a potential trend reversal; the first candlestick has a small body that is completely engulfed by the second candlestick. It is referred to as a Bullish Engulfing pattern when it appears at the end of a downtrend.
And a Bearish Engulfing pattern at the conclusion of an uptrend.
Harami #
The Harami is a reversal pattern where the second candlestick is entirely contained within the first candlestick and is opposite in color. A related pattern, the Harami Cross has a second candlestick that is a Doji; when the open and close are effectively equal.
Doji #
When a market’s open and close are almost at the same price point, the candlestick resembles a cross or plus sign – traders should look out for a short to non-existent body, with wicks of varying length.
This Doji pattern conveys a struggle between buyers and sellers that results in no net gain for either side. Alone a Doji is neutral signal, but it can be found in reversal patterns such as the bullish Morning Star and bearish Evening Star.
Morning Star #
A Morning Star is a bullish reversal pattern where the first candlestick is long and red-bodied, followed by a short candlestick that has gapped lower; it is completed by a long-bodied green candlestick that closes above the midpoint of the first candlestick.
Evening Star #
An Evening Star is a bearish reversal pattern where the first candlestick continues the uptrend. The second candlestick gaps up and has a narrow body. The third candlestick closes below the midpoint of the first candlestick.
Three Black Crows #
The Three Black Crows candlestick pattern comprises of three consecutive long red candles with short or non-existent wicks. Each session opens at a similar price to the previous day, but selling pressures push the price lower and lower with each close.
Traders interpret this pattern as the start of a bearish downtrend, as the sellers have overtaken the buyers during three successive trading days.
Dark Cloud Cover #
The Dark Cloud Cover candlestick pattern indicates a bearish reversal – a black cloud over the previous day’s optimism. It comprises two candlesticks: a red candlestick which opens above the previous green body, and closes below its midpoint.
It signals that the bears have taken over the session, pushing the price sharply lower. If the wicks of the candles are short it suggests that the downtrend was extremely decisive.
Hammer #
The Hammer candlestick pattern is formed of a short body with a long lower wick, and is found at the bottom of a downward trend. A Hammer shows that although there were selling pressures during the day, ultimately a strong buying pressure drove the price back up.
The colour of the body can vary, but green hammers indicate a stronger bull market than red hammers.
Inverted Hammer #
The Inverted Hammer is a similarly bullish pattern, with the only difference that the upper wick is long, while the lower wick is short.
It indicates a buying pressure, followed by a selling pressure that was not strong enough to drive the market price down. The Inverse Hammer suggests that buyers will soon have control of the market.
Shooting Star #
The Shooting Star is the same shape as the inverted hammer, but is formed in an uptrend, it has a small lower body, and a long upper wick.
Usually, the market will gap slightly higher on opening and rally to an intra-day high before closing at a price just above the open – like a star falling to the ground.
Hanging Man #
The Hanging Man is the bearish equivalent of a hammer; it has the same shape but forms at the end of an uptrend.
It indicates that there was a significant sell-off during the day, but that buyers were able to push the price up again.
The large sell-off is often seen as an indication that the bulls are losing control of the market.
Piercing Line #
The Piercing Line is also a two-stick pattern, made up of a long red candle, followed by a long green candle. There is usually a significant gap down between the first candlestick’s closing price, and the green candlestick’s opening.
It indicates a strong buying pressure, as the price is pushed up to or above the mid-price of the previous day.
Three White Soldiers #
The Three White Soldiers pattern occurs over three days. It consists of consecutive long green candles with small wicks, which open and close progressively higher than the previous day.
It is a very strong bullish signal that occurs after a downtrend, and shows a steady advance of buying pressure.
Spinning Top #
The Spinning Top candlestick pattern has a short body centred between wicks of equal length. The pattern indicates indecision in the market, resulting in no meaningful change in price: the bulls sent the price higher, while the bears pushed it low again.
The Spinning Tops are often interpreted as a period of consolidation, or rest, following a significant uptrend or downtrend.
On its own the spinning top is a relatively benign signal, but they can be interpreted as a sign of things to come as it signifies that the current market pressure is losing control.
Falling Three Methods #
Three-method formation patterns are used to predict the continuation of a current trend, be it bearish or bullish. The bearish pattern is called the Falling Three Methods.
It is formed of a long red body, followed by three small green bodies, and another red body – the green candles are all contained within the range of the bearish bodies. It shows traders that the bulls do not have enough strength to reverse the trend.
Rising Three Methods #
The opposite is true for the bullish pattern, called the Rising Three Methods candlestick pattern. It comprises of three short reds sandwiched within the range of two long greens.
The pattern shows traders that, despite some selling pressure, buyers are retaining control of the market.
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